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 Posted: Sun Dec 02, 2007 9:12 pm |  | |
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POst something random, I will start.
The first described species of Centrolenidae was the "giant" Centrolene geckoideum, named by the notable scientist Marcos Jiménez de la Espada in 1872, based on a specimen collected in northeastern Ecuador. Several species were described in subsequent years by different herpetologists (including G. A. Boulenger, G. K. Noble, and E. H. Taylor) but usually placed together with the treefrogs in the genera Hylella or Hyla.
The family Centrolenidae was proposed by Edward H. Taylor in 1951. Between the 50s and 70s, most species of Glassfrogs were known from Central America, particularly from Costa Rica and Panama, where E. H. Taylor and Jay M. Savage extensively worked, and just a few species where know to occur in South America. In 1973, John D. Lynch and William E. Duellman, published a large revision of the Glassfrogs from Ecuador showing that the species richness of Centrolenidae was particularly concentrated in the Andes. Later contributions by authors like Juan Rivero, Jay Savage, William Duellman, John D. Lynch, Pedro Ruiz-Carranza and José Ayarzagüena increased the number of described taxa especially from Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The taxonomical classification of the Glassfrogs was problematic during those years. Although four genera had been described for Centrolenidae (Centrolene, Centrolenella, Cochranella, Teratohyla), the taxonomical arrangements were always incomplete, and not valid for all species. In 1991, after a major revision of the species and taxonomic characters, the herpetologists Pedro Ruiz-Carranza and John D. Lynch published a new proposal for a taxonomic classification of the Centrolenidae based on cladistic principles and defining monophyletic groups [1]. That paper was the first of a series of contributions dealing with the Glassfrogs from Colombia that lead them to described almost 50 species of Glassfrogs. The genus Centrolene was proposed to include the species with a humeral spine in adult males, and the genus Hyalinobatrachium to include the species with a bulbous liver[1]. However, there was an heterogeneous group of species that they left in the genus Cochranella, defined just by lacking a humeral spine and a bulbous liver[1]. Since the publication of the extensive revision of the Colombian Glassfrogs, several other publications have dealt with the Glassfrogs from Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Ecuador.
Recent molecular studies [2] have found that the three genera of Glassfrogs are non-monophyletic units, although taxon sampling was limited. The genus Centrolene is paraphyletic towards the genus Cochranella, and some species of Hyalinobatrachium were apparently more related to Cochranella. Furthermore, they included the genus Allophryne in the family Centrolenidae, dividing the family into two subfamilies: (1) the subfamily Allophryninae for the genus Allophryne, and (2) the subfamily Centroleninae for the genera Centrolene, Cochranella, and Hyalinobatrachium. A reanalysis of morphological traits suggested a polyphyletic Centrolene and Cochranella, and supported the monophyly of the Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni group [3] Other studies have addressed the same problem; e.g., in 2006 a scientific paper describing a new species of Centrolene from Ecuador [4] removed the species "pulveratum" and "antisthenesi" from Hyalinobatrachium and placed them inside the genus Cochranella as Cochranella pulverata and Cochranella antisthenesi. Although these changes kept Cochranella paraphyletic, they "clean" Hyalinobatrachium in order to define a monophyletic group. A recent review of the family [5] has recognized a new genus, Nymphargus, for the species with basal webbing among outer fingers (part of the previous ocellata species group). In that review, all species-groups were found to be non-monophyletic, and it was suggested that they should not be used anymore until a phylogenetic hypothesis for the entire family is available.
[edit] Taxonomic classification
The family Centrolenidae is a clade of anurans. Previously, the family Centrolenidae was considered closely related to the family Hylidae (tree frog); however, recent phylogenetic studies[2] have placed the Centrolenidae (and it's sister taxon the family Allophrynidae) closer to the family Leptodactylidae.
The monophyly of Centrolenidae (excluding Allophryne) is supported by morphological and behavioral characters including[2] [4]: (1) presence of a dilated process on the medial side of the third metacarpal (an apparently unique synapomorphy); (2) ventral origin of the musculus flexor teres digiti III relative to the musculus transversi metacarpi I; (3) terminal phalanges T-shaped; (4) exotroph, lotic, burrower/fossorial tadpoles with a vermiform body and dorsal C-shaped eyes, that live buried within leaf packs in still or flowing water systems; (5) eggs clutches deposited outside of water on vegetation or rocks above still or flowing water systems. Several molecular synapomorphies also support the monophyly of the clade [2].
The taxonomic classification of Centrolenidae is still controversial, but currently five genera of Glassfrogs are recognized:
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Falco gave me 401 x cash. 
You all gave me nothing!
Give me cash I'll put you in my sig!
Thanks to marvel man! He gave me 400 X cash. Is you Reward me you get put into my sig! Man this is a competion, beetween marvel man. And falco who will win!
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| Posted: Sun Dec 02, 2007 9:17 pm | | |
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I think this could be considered spam
from: www.random.org
Perhaps you have wondered how predictable machines like computers can generate randomness. In reality, most random numbers used in computer programs are pseudo-random, which means they are a generated in a predictable fashion using a mathematical formula. This is fine for many purposes, but it may not be random in the way you expect if you're used to dice rolls, roulette wheels and lottery draws.
RANDOM.ORG offers true random numbers to anyone on the Internet. The randomness comes from atmospheric noise, which for many purposes is better than the pseudo-random number algorithms typically used in computer programs. People use the numbers to run lotteries, draws and sweepstakes and for their games and gambling sites. Scientists use them for random sampling and as input to modelling and simulation applications. Artists use them to make art and music. The service has been operating since 1998 and was built and is being maintained by Mads Haahr who is a Lecturer in the School of Computer Science and Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin in Ireland.
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Sig made by skam
Avatar made by t3h cuffs
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| Posted: Sun Dec 02, 2007 9:27 pm | | |
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Tater Tots, also known as "Tots", a registered trademark for a commercial form of hash browns, is a side-dish made from deep-fried, grated potatoes.[1] Tater Tots are widely recognized for their crispiness, cylindrical shape and small size
Tater Tots are commonly found in the U.S. in cafeterias and school lunch-counters, as well as the supermarket frozen food aisle and some fast food restaurants. In Australia, they are known as "potato gems" or "potato pom-poms" (also used in the UK and New Zealand) and "oven crunchies" in the UK. McCain Foods Limited calls their line of tater tots Tasti Taters. Cascadian Farm calls their line of tater tots Spud Puppies. Some Mexican-style fast-food restaurants in the Pacific Northwest offer seasoned tater tots: Taco Time and Señor Froggy call them "Mexi-Fries", while Taco Bell used to sell them as "Mexi-Nuggets".
Tater is slang for potato (origin: 1750–60; America; by aphesis, tato, and substitution of -er for final -o, tater); Tots may have been derived from their diminutive size, or because they are often served to children.[2][3]
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 In popular culture
3 See also
4 External links
[edit] History
Tater Tots were first produced in 1953 by Golden and Nephi Grigg of the Ore-Ida company, now a subsidiary of H. J. Heinz Company, as a means of utilizing potato shreds remaining from french fry production.[4] On their second try they mastered the "tots", the first attempt being a potato based beverage.[citation needed] They first became available in stores in 1954. Today Americans consume approximately 70 million pounds of "Tots" per year.[citation needed]
[edit] In popular culture
Tater tots are featured prominently in the Idaho-set 2004 film Napoleon Dynamite.
Comedian Ron White tells the story of how he once gave the alias "Tater Salad" to the police, joking that he named his son "Tater Tot".
Tater Tots are served as an hors-d'oeuvre by Peggy Hill and Bobby Hill in the King of the Hill Season 3 episode "Pretty, Pretty Dresses".
Weird Al Yankovic had at least three references to Tater Tots in his works. In the theme for The Weird Al Show, he claims to have once worked on a Tater Tot farm. Also, in his song, One of Those Days, he complains that "it's nothing but Tater Tots for dinner again". This sentiment also appears in his song Addicted to Spuds.
Larry the Cable Guy made a reference to tater tots in a parody Christmas carol, "Johnny the Retard" (Johnny the retard/Had an 8-pound water head/He was 5' 3" and he said to me/"I like tater tots, nehe!")
In an episode of Family Guy, Meg Griffin refers to her breasts as "tater tots".
Celebrity gossip blogger Perez Hilton refers to Britney Spears' first son Sean Preston as "Tater Tot" (the second child Jayden James is referred to as "Small Fry" on Hilton's blog).
_________________
Falco gave me 401 x cash.
You all gave me nothing!
Give me cash I'll put you in my sig!
Thanks to marvel man! He gave me 400 X cash. Is you Reward me you get put into my sig! Man this is a competion, beetween marvel man. And falco who will win!
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