Weather

Lil' Miz Stefani

lol yeah I agee shadow. I really need to just go to a tanning place and just tan myself.
_________________

Falco2008

I heard tanning places are bad and can give ya cancer
_________________

Sig made by skam
Avatar made by t3h cuffs

Lil' Miz Stefani

well, yeah your right...poop there has gotta be a better way to tan!!
_________________

Falco2008

The natural way and only in the summer I guess, I mean you dont get that white that quick do you?
_________________

Sig made by skam
Avatar made by t3h cuffs

Lil' Miz Stefani

nope. and they weird thing is my belly always stays tan like really tan but my legs dont' it's weird....
_________________

Falco2008

my fore arms are the tannest parts and their still white
_________________

Sig made by skam
Avatar made by t3h cuffs

Shadowcasterx4ffc

My forearms are one of the few places that actually retain their natural color.
_________________

"There is no spoon."

100th member

Lil' Miz Stefani

oh my! my whole body is like tan but the under part of my arms are white! I hate it.
_________________

Shadowcasterx4ffc

Something we gotta live with.
_________________

"There is no spoon."

100th member

Lil' Miz Stefani

sometimes you gotta live with what?

and my feet are really tan for some reason...
_________________

Falco2008

Lil' Miz Stefani

Lol. okay guys, lets get back on subject here.
so, today my aunt and I went shopping and we went into Toys R Us, (with a backword R) and when we went in there it was sunny but then when we came out, it was pouring like crazy!
_________________

Shadowcasterx4ffc

We had a bit of snow today. About two inches.
_________________

"There is no spoon."

100th member

Falco2008

Lucky, we had a dusting and were supposed to get some more snow and sleet and then changing into ice and just maybe rain but I dont know
_________________

Sig made by skam
Avatar made by t3h cuffs

Killingspree

I know go to wiki on tanning.

In ancient history, tanning was considered a noxious or "odiferous trade" and relegated to the outskirts of town, amongst the poor. Indeed, tanning by ancient methods is so foul smelling that tanneries are still isolated from those towns today where the old methods are used. The ancients used leather for waterskins, bags, harnesses, boats, armor, quivers, scabbards, boots and sandals. Around 2500 BC, the Sumerians began using leather, affixed by copper studs, on chariot wheels.

Skins typically arrived at the tannery dried stiff and dirty with soil and gore. First, the ancient tanners would soak the skins in water to clean and soften them. Then they would pound and scour the skin to remove any remaining flesh and fat. Next, the tanner needed to remove the hair fibers from the skin. This was done by either soaking the skin in urine, painting it with an alkaline lime mixture, or simply letting the skin putrefy for several months then dipping it in a salt solution. After the hair fibers were loosened, the tanners scraped them off with a knife.

Once the hair was removed, the tanners would bate the material by pounding dung into the skin or soaking the skin in a solution of animal brains. Among the kinds of dung commonly used were that of dogs or pigeons. Sometimes the dung was mixed with water in a large vat, and the prepared skins were kneaded in the dung water until they became supple, but not too soft. The ancient tanner might use his bare feet to knead the skins in the dung water, and the kneading could last two or three hours.

It was this combination of animal feces mixed with decaying flesh that made ancient tanneries so odiferous.

Children employed as dung gatherers were a common sight in ancient cities. Also common were "piss-pots" located on street corners, where human urine could be collected for use in tanneries or by washerwomen. In some variations of the process, cedar oil, alum or tannin were applied to the skin as a tanning agent. As the skin was stretched, it would lose moisture and absorb the agent.

Leftover leather would be turned into glue. Tanners would place scraps of hides in a vat of water and let them deteriorate for months. The mixture would then be placed over a fire to boil off the water to produce hide glue.

Variations of these methods are still used by do-it-yourself outdoorsmen to tan hides. The use of brains and the idea that each animal (except buffalo) has just enough brains for the tanning process have led to the saying "Every animal has just enough brains to preserve it's own hide, dead or alive."

[edit] Modern methods of tanning

Tanneries of Marrakech
Two men pressing the leather near the end of the tanning process in an American tannery. circa: 1976The first stage is the preparation for tanning. The second stage is the actual tanning and other chemical treatment. The third stage applies finishing to the surface.

Preparing hides begins by curing them with salt. In wet-salting, the hides are heavily salted, then pressed into packs for about 30 days. In brine-curing the hides are agitated in a salt water bath for about 16 hours. The hides are then soaked in clean water to remove the salt and a lime/water solution to loosen the hair. The majority of hair is then removed using a machine with remaining hair being removed by hand using a dull knife, a process known as scudding. Depending on the end use of the leather, hides may be treated with enzymes to soften them.

Tanning can be performed with either vegetable or mineral methods. Before tanning, the skins are unhaired, degreased, desalted and soaked in water over a period of 6 hours to 2 days. To prevent damage of the skin by bacterial growth during the soaking period, biocides, such as pentachlorophenol, are used.

Vegetable tanning uses tannin (this is where the name tanning comes from). Tannin occurs naturally in bark. The primary barks used in modern times are chestnut, oak, tanoak, hemlock, quebracho, mangrove, wattle and myrobalan. Hides are stretched on frames and immersed for several weeks in vats of increasing concentrations of tannin. Vegetable tanned hide is flexible and is used for luggage and furniture.

Mineral tanning usually uses chromium. In the raw state chrome tanned skins are blue and therefore referred to as "wet blue". Chrome tanning is faster than vegetable tanning (less than a day for this part of the process) and produces a stretchable leather which is excellent for use in handbags and garments. (Encarta, 2003)

Depending on the finish desired, the hide may be waxed, rolled, lubricated, injected with oil, split, shaved and, of course, dyed. Suedes, nubucks, etc. are finished by raising the nap of the leather by rolling with a rough surface.

[edit] Another use
The term tanning is also used metaphorically for a hiding in the sense of physical punishment (such as a severe spanking) which leaves clear marks (reddening, stripes or even scars) on the beaten skin.
_________________
Falco gave me 401 x cash. Verry happy

You all gave me nothing!
Give me cash I'll put you in my sig!
Thanks to marvel man! He gave me 400 X cash. Is you Reward me you get put into my sig! Man this is a competion, beetween marvel man. And falco who will win!

Falco2008

Interesting, well we got an ice storm here which caused my school to lose power and an electrical fire which was cool in ways, then it melted shortly after
_________________

Sig made by skam
Avatar made by t3h cuffs

Lil' Miz Stefani

oh so then did you miss school?
and very interesting killing. Happy

_________________

Falco2008

No it happened when we were already IN school and it was an easy day , but we still got stuck going to the stupid afternoon classes
_________________

Sig made by skam
Avatar made by t3h cuffs